Auto-mobile parts and usages
Air cleaner
This the part which clean inhale air from dust particles, and distribute to the engine for the combustion through the carburetor. In land rover this air cleaner fix on the top of it's roof to resist the engine from the water in the water ways when the land rover crosses the water ways.
Carburetor
The mixing of petrol particle and air in the ratio of 1:15 done in this part under the Bernoulli's theorem of Fluid motion.
Fuel injector
It act as Carburetor in diesel engine and some petrol engine to increase the engine's efficiency. It work by spraying the fuel in high speed in a short period of time by using electro-magnet.
Engine
It is the main part in the auto-mobile which works from fuel, this engine categorizes mainly as 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine, it represents that the phases of combustion chamber under the rotation of the crank shaft.
4-stroke engine
This engine has four phases in ignition cycle, these are follows,
Intake-Inhaling air and fuel mixture to combustion chamber.
Compression-Decrease the combustion chamber's to increase the temperature of intake gases according to the Charles's law by piston.
Ignition-Ignite the intake gases for it's combustion by spark plug.
Exhaust-Removing gases after the combustion.
2-Stroke engine
In this engine the above actions for 4-stroke engine changed to two phases. These are, Intake+Exhaust and Compression+Ignition. According to the Bernoulli theorem this phase(Intake+Exhaust) gives a chance to mixing of raw and waste gases to form poisonous gas CO.
4-stroke engine
This engine has four phases in ignition cycle, these are follows,
Intake-Inhaling air and fuel mixture to combustion chamber.
Compression-Decrease the combustion chamber's to increase the temperature of intake gases according to the Charles's law by piston.
Ignition-Ignite the intake gases for it's combustion by spark plug.
Exhaust-Removing gases after the combustion.
2-Stroke engine
In this engine the above actions for 4-stroke engine changed to two phases. These are, Intake+Exhaust and Compression+Ignition. According to the Bernoulli theorem this phase(Intake+Exhaust) gives a chance to mixing of raw and waste gases to form poisonous gas CO.
Shafts
There are some following types of shafts are used in auto mobile to pass the mechanical energy as rotational motion from combustion chamber to the driver wheels and support to maintain the frequency of consecutive phases in combustion chamber.
Cam shaft
This is the shaft which regulates the phases in the combustion chamber by opening and closing the valves to supply the mixture of fuel and air(inhale air) and exhaust air to and from combustion chamber, and it regulate the sparking period of spark plug. It has the ratio with crank shaft is 1:2. This shaft has 2 in type that are single over head cam shaft(SOHC) and duel over head cam shaft(DOHC)-used in modern cars
Crank shaft
This is the shaft which is directly connected with the piston by connecting rod to pass the mechanical energy to fly wheel and it also connected with cooling fan in old auto-mobile and the cam shaft.
Propeller shaft
This is the shaft which passes the mechanical energy from gear box to final drive. It has the ability to become long and short according to the vibration of shock absorbers and it has connected by two universal joint in there two ends.
Spark plug
This is the part in which to ignite the fuel in combustion chamber by producing sparks. This part made from clay as insulator of heat and metals, it work with the help of induction coil which can produce electric current in high voltage different that from 40,000 to 100,000Volts and it has the temperature from 500C to 900C.
Combustion chamber
This is the place where the combustion of fuel take place. From the combustion of petrol which has the flash point of 54C the temperature of combustion chamber increases then the volume also got increases according to the Charles's law, then the gases in this sector work against the piston and form the mechanical energy. The engine capacity also calculated by measuring the total volume of combustion chamber in CC(cubic centimeters).
Brakes
This the main part in control sector in the auto-mobile. It converts the mechanical energy to heat energy to control the speed of auto-mobile by the friction or air resistance. The following brake types are used in automobile,
Drum brake
This is the brake that mainly used in lorries it works under both cable and hydraulic oil.
Disc brake
This is the brake which has the contact with air for the cooling purpose, then it less subjected to fade and it is more efficient than the drum brake.
Air brake
This is the brake which works under air resistance, It covert the mechanical energy to heat energy by changing momentum of air molecules, stop this automobile by run some distance to work against air resistance.
Fly wheel
This is the massive wheel heavy in weight, then it store mechanical energy to supply energy to maintain engine phases.
Clutch
Changing of gear without applying clutch is harm to tooth wheel in gear box, then clutch is a part which disconnect the connection between engine and gear box when applying it, after applying clutch you can change the gear safely. Fulcrum rings, clutch lining, clutch lever and clutch disc are the main parts in it.
Gear box
It contain so many number of tooth wheel in it to divide the speed level. According to the Laws of conversion of energy, We want give the more energy to start auto-mobile to run it but the maximum power of engine is a constant, then slow motion from tooth wheels have the enough energy to start the auto-mobile, it will avoid accident and safe engine parts from sudden start.
Over drive
This is electronic gear which speed up propeller shaft than the crank shaft to save fuel. Driver apply the final drive when the auto-mobile run on motorway mainly. The switch to put final drive lies in the gear lever.
Final drive
Final drive means the final result of passing of mechanical energy to tyres. That means way of passing of mechanical energy to the frame of earth(road) from the frame of auto-mobile. In older cars this final drive at axle of rear wheels because the reaction from the earth is higher than the front wheels, then the friction in rear wheel is greater than the front wheel, to avoid slipping of tyre the final drive at axle of rear wheel. But now-ever a days final drive at axle of front wheel because of following reasons,
Fly wheel
This is the massive wheel heavy in weight, then it store mechanical energy to supply energy to maintain engine phases.
Clutch
Changing of gear without applying clutch is harm to tooth wheel in gear box, then clutch is a part which disconnect the connection between engine and gear box when applying it, after applying clutch you can change the gear safely. Fulcrum rings, clutch lining, clutch lever and clutch disc are the main parts in it.
Gear box
It contain so many number of tooth wheel in it to divide the speed level. According to the Laws of conversion of energy, We want give the more energy to start auto-mobile to run it but the maximum power of engine is a constant, then slow motion from tooth wheels have the enough energy to start the auto-mobile, it will avoid accident and safe engine parts from sudden start.
Over drive
This is electronic gear which speed up propeller shaft than the crank shaft to save fuel. Driver apply the final drive when the auto-mobile run on motorway mainly. The switch to put final drive lies in the gear lever.
Final drive
Final drive means the final result of passing of mechanical energy to tyres. That means way of passing of mechanical energy to the frame of earth(road) from the frame of auto-mobile. In older cars this final drive at axle of rear wheels because the reaction from the earth is higher than the front wheels, then the friction in rear wheel is greater than the front wheel, to avoid slipping of tyre the final drive at axle of rear wheel. But now-ever a days final drive at axle of front wheel because of following reasons,
- Most of the cars are design as compact, then no space from connect gear box to the rear axle through the propeller shaft.
- Increasing engine weight(improvement in engine capacity and the addition of other latest parts).
- Introduction of carpet roads.
Shock absorbers
Shock absorbers are used to safe the body parts, goods and passengers from shocks with high energy, Then to convert this shock energy to heat energy we want a dumping motion which is directed by shock absorbers.
Here some varieties of shock absorbers according to technology,
This is the system to cool the engine from the heat energy which has released due to the combustion of fuel and avoid the damaging of engine parts. We can separate the radiator under the following categories,
Here some varieties of shock absorbers according to technology,
- Steel arc- This an arc shaped object by arranging thin arc shaped steel, the arc shape helps to spread the forces through out it.
- Nitrogen gas shock absorber- This shock absorbers has nitrogen gas in a small cylinder for the dumping motion which has the property of flexibility and inert in chemical reaction. This nitrogen gas has used not only in auto-mobiles but also in aero planes' tires.
- Hydraulic shock absorber- This is an shock absorbers which works under the compression and depression of hydraulic oil. This is the popular shock absorber in rally cars.
- Spring- Steel is used in this shock absorber and it has coil in shape. This shock absorbers mainly used in land rovers.
This is the system to cool the engine from the heat energy which has released due to the combustion of fuel and avoid the damaging of engine parts. We can separate the radiator under the following categories,
- Air radiator- This is the radiator which transmit the heat from engine directly to external environment mainly through convection of air and partially radiation. To increase it's efficiency we want to increase the surface area. This type of radiator mainly used in motor cycles which has less engine capacity.
- Water radiator-This is the radiator which transmit the heat from engine to external environment through the water which has high heat capacity by convection and partial radiation. To increase it's efficiency we had to increase the small tubes in the radiator with decrease it's diameter. Now a days electric fans are used to blow the air through the engine which has guided by thermostat in the engine to maintain the engine temperature, because old type fans are directly connected with crank shaft, when the auto-mobile travel through the hilly area this fan work irregularly, then engine temperature change irregularly which is harm to the engine.
Alternator generate electricity to supply other parts in auto-mobile and it convert A/C current to D/C current. Battery is electric storage media, to strat up the engine and supply electricity to signal lamp when engine not in working.
